Tools and equipment for repairing modules

In any case, be it replacing a bearing or repairing a board, you need the appropriate tool, as well as knowledge of how to handle it. This lesson will be devoted to this important section of mastery. The first step in any repair is to determine the cause of the malfunction. At this most important stage, various measuring and diagnostic instruments come to the aid of the master. Measuring instruments The most common is a Multimeter, also known as a tester, or a tseshka. Since this device is for daily use, its choice should be approached carefully. The first thing you should pay attention to is functionality. A good mid-priced multimeter should have the following features: AC and DC voltage measurement AC and DC current measurement Resistance measurement up to 20(40) MOhm Diode test with sound test These functions are the basic ones that are needed every day. Continuity is probably the most frequently used function, so before purchasing it is necessary to check the speed of the device’s response to the shorting of the probes; the higher the speed of the sound signal, the better. Additional useful functions include frequency measurement (helps in diagnosing electronic pressure switches), as well as measuring the capacitance of capacitors. Some multimeters are equipped with an auto-range, which, on the one hand, is convenient because you do not need to correlate the value of the measured parameter and the measurement limit; on the other hand, the auto-range requires more time to display the readings on the display. Useful equipment for the device includes good probes, which are made of wire of the required cross-section and in soft silicone-like insulation. The resistance of closed probes should not exceed 0.2 Ohm, otherwise they will introduce an error when measuring resistance and current. Included with the probes, it is useful to have tips in the form of sharp needles, or special automatic piercings and alligator clips. Electronics does not stand still; switching power supplies, digital microcircuits and microcontrollers have already become firmly established, for quick and accurate diagnosis of which an oscilloscope is needed. At the moment, the price of the device is not high, and the possibilities are very extensive. With its help, you can diagnose any device, track fast processes and single pulses (for example, the operation of a power controller, MK reset pulses), as well as find out the shape and frequency of the signal, which is very important, especially in power circuits The next useful device is the so-called Transistor tester or LCR meter. At its low cost, the tester has a wide range of functionality: Capacitance measurement Inductance measurement Determination of component pinouts (transistors, thyristors, diodes, and other components) Measurement of ESR (ESR) of capacitors And this is not all of its capabilities, so the device is definitely useful. Soldering One of the most common operations when repairing control modules is the installation and disassembly of components, which is performed using soldering. For novice craftsmen who do not often repair modules, a simple soldering iron will suffice. For a professional level craftsman who in-line repairs modules and other electronics, a soldering station is needed. The advantage of the station is to maintain temperature at different powers. This allows you to solder both a small SMD component and the output of a power relay to a large contact pad with the same quality, without overheating or underheating. When choosing, you should also pay attention to the presence of a hairdryer at the station; without it, it is extremely difficult to safely dismantle multi-pin SMD components (chips, processors). If caring for a soldering iron comes down to sharpening the tip with a file, then the station tip requires gentler care, wiping with a special sponge moistened with water (sometimes glycerin is used, but I do not recommend it; when it is heated and steamed, not very useful substances are released), so However, acid fluxes (zinc chloride, soldering acid, orthophosphoric acid) are contraindicated for these tips. Consumables For high-quality repairs, high-quality consumables are also necessary. The first and most necessary consumable is solder. Soldering done at the required temperature and with high-quality solder is strong and shiny. From personal experience, I would recommend Castolin solder, this solder melts well, has good spreading, and it has flux inside. The next one I can recommend is Russian solder, POS60 made in Ryazan. Not recommended at all